Wednesday, 24 September 2014

Unit 10: Connectors (Although & though)



Although vs Though vs Even though 

Although - linking word - expresses the idea of contrast.

e.g - Although Amit has a car, he doesn't often drives it.

The clause with although can come at the end.

e.g - Although the cafe was crowded, we found a table. OR We found a table, although the cafe was crowded.

Though - is informal. It means the same as although.

e.g - Though / Although I liked the sweater, I decided not to buy it.

We can use though at the end of a sentence.

e.g - I liked the sweater. I decided not to buy it, though.

Even though - is stronger, more emphatic than although.

e.g - 

1). Ram looked quite fresh, even though he'd been playing cricket.

2). Even though you dislike Sanya, you should try to be nice to her.

Note - We can use in spite of the fact (that) in the same way as although.

e.g - 

I'm no better, although I've taken the pills. 

OR 

I'm no better in spite of the fact that I've taken pills.

Quick Tip -- Applicable most of the times but not always ...

Even though -- when the condition given is negative but the outcome/result is positive 
eg -- Even though Ram hadn't studied, he passed the exam. 

Although -- when the condition given is positive but the outcome/result is negative 
eg -- Although Ram had studied very hard, he did not score well.


source:http://www.english-test.net/forum/ftopic16038.html

Monday, 22 September 2014

Oral Practice 6: Vege Crisps

Q1.
a) Look at the picture. Would you buy this product?Tell me why/ why not.



b) Why do you think a free keychain is being given away for every three packets purchased?

Q2.
a) Do you snack in between meals? Tell me why/ why not.

b) What kinds of food do you think are healthy snacks?

Q3. Food labels can give you a lot of information about what you choose to eat.
a) Do you pay attention to food labels? Tell me why/ why not
b) What kind of food packaging would attract you to buy the item? Tell me about it.




Unit 9: Modal - May

May

"May" is most commonly used to express possibility. It can also be used to give or request permission, although this usage is becoming less common.
Examples:
  • Cheryl may be at home, or perhaps at work. possibility
  • Johnny, you may leave the table when you have finished your dinner. give permission
  • May I use your bathroom? request permission

Using "May" in Present, Past, and Future

Most modal verbs behave quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to learn how "may" behaves in different contexts.
Modal UsePositive Forms
1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future
Negative Forms
1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future
You can
also use:
may
possibility
1. Jack may be upset. I can't really tell if he is annoyed or tired.2. Jack may have been upset. I couldn't really tell if he was annoyed or tired.
3. Jack may get upset if you don't tell him the truth.
1. Jack may not be upset. Perhaps he is tired.2. Jack may not have been upset. Perhaps he was tired.
3. Jack may not get upset, even if you tell him the truth
might
may
give permission
1. You may leave the table now that you're finished with your dinner.2. SHIFT TO "BE ALLOWED TO"
You were allowed to leave the table after you finished your dinner.
3. You may leave the table when you finish your dinner. 
1. You may not leave the table. You're not finished with your dinner yet.2. SHIFT TO "BE ALLOWED TO"
You were not allowed to leave the table because you hadn't finished your dinner.
3. You may not leave the table until you are finished with your dinner. 
can
may
request permission
May I borrow your eraser?May I make a phone call?
Requests usually refer to the near future.
NO NEGATIVE FORMScan,
might

EXERCISES AND RELATED TOPICS

source: http://www.englishpage.com/modals/may.html

Unit 9:Modal - Must

Must

"Must" is most commonly used to express certainty. It can also be used to express necessity or strong recommendation, although native speakers prefer the more flexible form "have to." "Must not" can be used to prohibit actions, but this sounds very severe; speakers prefer to use softer modal verbs such as "should not" or "ought not" to dissuade rather than prohibit.
Examples:
  • This must be the right address! certainty
  • Students must pass an entrance examination to study at this school. necessity
  • You must take some medicine for that cough. strong recommendation
  • Jenny, you must not play in the street! prohibition

Using "Must" in Present, Past, and Future

Most modal verbs behave quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to learn how "must" behaves in different contexts.
Modal UsePositive Forms
1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future
Negative Forms
1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future
You can also use:
must
certainty
1. That must be Jerry. They said he was tall with bright red hair.2. That must have been the right restaurant. There are no other restaurants on this street.
3. NO FUTURE FORM
1. That must not be Jerry. He is supposed to have red hair.2. That must not have been the right restaurant. I guess there is another one around here somewhere.
3. NO FUTURE FORM
have to
must not
prohibition
You must not swim in that river. It's full of crocodiles.You must not forget to take your malaria medication while your are in the tropics.
Prohibition usually refer to the near future.
must
strong
recommendation
(Americans
prefer
the form
"should.")
1. You must take some time off and get some rest.2. SHIFT TO "SHOULD"
You should have taken some time off last week to get some rest.
3. SHIFT TO "SHOULD"
You should take some time off next week to get some rest. 
1. You mustn't drink so much. It's not good for your health.2. SHIFT TO "SHOULD"
You shouldn't have drunk so much. That caused the accident.
3. SHIFT TO "SHOULD"
You shouldn't drink at the party. You are going to be the designated driver.
should
must
necessity(Americans
prefer
the form
"have to.")
1. You must have a permit to enter the national park.2. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO"
We had to have a permit to enter the park.
3. We must get a permit to enter the park next week. 
1. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO"
We don't have to get a permit to enter the national park.2. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO"
We didn't have to get a permit to enter the national park.
3. SHIFT TO "HAVE TO"
We won't have to get a permit to enter the national park.
have to
REMEMBER: "Must not" vs. "Do not have to"
"Must not" suggests that you are prohibited from doing something. "Do not have to" suggests that someone is not required to do something.
Examples:
  • You must not eat that. It is forbidden, it is not allowed.
  • You don't have to eat that. You can if you want to, but it is not necessary.

EXERCISES AND RELATED TOPICS

source:http://www.englishpage.com/modals/must.html

Unit 9: Modal - Can


Can

"Can" is one of the most commonly used modal verbs in English. It can be used to express ability or opportunity, to request or offer permission, and to show possibility or impossibility.
Examples:
  • can ride a horse. ability
  • We can stay with my brother when we are in Paris. opportunity
  • She cannot stay out after 10 PM. permission
  • Can you hand me the stapler? request
  • Any child can grow up to be president. possibility

Using "Can" in Present, Past, and Future

Most modal verbs behave quite irregularly in the past and the future. Study the chart below to learn how "can" behaves in different contexts.
Modal UsePositive Forms
1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future
Negative Forms
1. = Present   2. = Past   3. = Future
You can also use:
can
general ability
1. I can speak Chinese.2. SHIFT TO "COULD"
I could speak Chinese when I was a kid.
3. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO"
I will be able to speak Chinese by the time I finish my course.
1. I can't speak Swahili.2. SHIFT TO "COULD"
I couldn't speak Swahili.
3. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO"
I won't be able to speak Swahili.
be able to
can
ability during a specific event
1. With a burst of adrenaline, people can pick up cars.2. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO"
With a sudden burst of adrenaline, he was able to lift the car off the child's leg.
3. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO"
With a sudden burst of adrenaline, he will be able to lift the car.
1. Even with a burst of adrenaline, people can't pick up something that heavy.2. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO"
Even the weight lifter, wasn't able to lift the car off the child's leg.
3. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO"
Even three men working together won't be able to lift the car.
be able to
can
opportunity
1. I have some free time. I can help her now.2. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO"
I had some free time yesterday. I was able to help her at that time.
3. I'll have some free time tomorrow. I can help her then.
1. I don't have any time. I can't help her  now.2. SHIFT TO "BE ABLE TO"
I didn't have time yesterday. I wasn't able to help her at that time.
3. I won't have any time later. I can't help her then.
be able to
can
permission
1. I can drive Susan's car when she is out of town.2. SHIFT TO "BE ALLOWED TO "
I was allowed to drive Susan's car while she was out of town last week.
3. I can drive Susan's car while she is out of town next week.
1. I can't drive Susan's car when she is out of town.2. SHIFT TO "BE ALLOWED TO "
I wasn't allowed to drive Susan's car while she was out of town last week.
3. I can't drive Susan's car while she is out of town next week.
may
can
request
Can I have a glass of water?Can you give me a lift to school?
Requests usually refer to the near future.
Can't I have a glass of water?Can't you give me a lift to school?
Requests usually refer to the near future.
could, may
can
possibility, impossibility
Anyone can become rich and famous if they know the right people.Learning a language can be a real challenge.
This use is usually a generalization or a supposition.
It can't cost more than a dollar or two.You can't be 45! I thought you were about 18 years old.
This use is usually a generalization or a supposition.
could

EXERCISES AND RELATED TOPICS

source:http://www.englishpage.com/modals/modalintro.html

Oral Practice 5: Stimulus Based Conversation

Grand Opening of Animal Wonderland (p.42)

Q1 
a) Look at the picture. Would you be interested in going for this event? Tell me why/ why not?

Jie Xun:
I would like to go to the Animal Wonderland because I love animals. When I was younger, I went to pet shops to admire animals. My favourite animal is the fish. It has been on Earth since the age of dinosaurs. I even keep them as pets.

Zahra:
I would not be interested to go to this event as I would rather spend the time to search for artwork ad stories on deviant ART or faufiction.net at home on my mother's laptop, as Art is my passion and would like to spend my free time doing something related to it. Morever, I have seen plenty of animals at the Singapore Zoo before and I could also search for the animals of interest online to find more about those animals.

b) Why do you think free ice-cream is being given away?

Ariel:
I think ice-cream is given away as this will attract a lot of customers to come, especially children! I would love to be one of the 250 visitors to be given free ice-cream!


Q2
a) Have you been to such places where activities are focused on animals?

Ellis:
Yes, I have been such a place once when I was in Malaysia with my family during the holidays.
The hotel where we stayed had a petting zoo to feed and play with animals. While I was trying to feed one of the peacocks. it almost bit my hand! I did not feed the the peacocks after that as I find them very dangerous! But I still kept a look out for the peacocks in case one of them showed their beautiful feathers. I have never seen them spread their feathers and I am very excited to see them do that.

Nicholas:
Yes, I have been to a farm in Taiwan. It had many activities. I milked cows, fed animals, watch animal shows and made ice-cream. After that, I went to a barn to sleep. It was quite scary as its setting was like a haunted house.

Jie Xun:
I have been to the River Safari. there is a large array of fishes, even exotic ones like the Goonch Catfish, Keluga Sturgeon and the Pacus that can grow to the size of trash can lids but the most exotic fish is the Giant Mekong Stingray, the biggest freshwater fish in the world. Some of the fishes can be kept in captivity, like the Giant Patin Fish which I keep in my home aquarium. I feed it on a diet of frogs, guppies, shrimp and insects. I usually buy the food with my classmate, Nigel, at a nearby fish shop.

Ajay:
I have been to the zoo to see the sea lion show before. It was one of my best experiences in my life. The host called me and some other children who attended the show to play with the sea lion. Before returning back to our seats, the sea lion pointed its flippers at me and it kissed me! The other children laughed!

Caleb:
I have been to places where activities are focused on animals. One of them is a tourist spot where animals such as ducks and peacocks are free to roam within the premise. We has to buy food from the staff before feeding those animals. I felt very happy feeding the ducks because they would wade with their webbed feet cutely towards me as I was feeding them. The ducks would peck greedily and fought with us for the the food!

Sean: 
I have been to SPCA last month. There are many people who volunteered to take of the animals in the SPCA. When I was there last month, I saw many dogs, cats, rabbits and even hamsters. My favourite animal is a German Shephard dog. It is one of the largest animals there. I had a great time playing with the animals. Before I left, one of the workers there pleaded me to adopt a dog. However, my mother did not allow as she said that our house is too small and we have already had fishes. How I wish I could adopt another pet. I donated a fifty-dollar note and left. I have already done something good by showing my love and care for animals in the shelter.

Vanessa: 
I have been to the zoo to feed giraffes. I fed the giraffes with my mother, father and a younger brother. We used some potato and carrot strips to feed the giraffes. After feeding them, our hands were filled with the slimy saliva of the giraffes. It was so disgusting but it was a great experience. After feeding, my family and I washed our hands. I wish I could go to the zoo to experience feeding other animals next time.

Hui Wen 
I have been to the zoo,the Night Safari and the Bird Park before. The one I like most is the Night Safari. There are so many animals to see. I was actually a little afraid as I was scared that I would fall off the tram and land onto one of the animal's enclosure. But luckily, I had my father beside me so I felt more secured. There were rhinos that existed on Earth  since a few million years ago. I think they are ancient animals. I could see why they are ancient as a rhino has a skin cover like a plaited armour. It is enormous.


Q3
a) Do you like animals?

Ariel: 
I am very fond of animals but I do not have one as a pet. I would love to but my parents do not allow me to keep a pet at home anymore. I used to have a pet tortoise but it died one year later. Nevertheless, I think we should play our part to protect the environment so that animals will not lose their natural habitat.

Daryl:
I like animals and I wish to have a pet dog but my father's nose is sensitive to furs. Whenever the fur goes into his nose, he would sneeze non-stop. Although I cannot keep a pet, I would still do my best to protect animals and prevent further extinction of animals.

Jonathan:
I like animals because it is amazing how the animals move and how they interact with people. It is also amazing to see how these animals do tricks even though they are not humans.

I think people like to watch animal shows because they get to see the animals close up and admire their talents and personality. I attended an animal show before with my family. It was amazing how monkeys swing on a vine above the audience and still able to hit three coconuts simultaneously. In my personal opinion, everyone should at least visit the zoo once to experience it yourself.

Wednesday, 17 September 2014

Unit 10: Leatherback Turtle


Pre-reading Activity

What do I want to KNOW about leatherback turtle?
What have I LEARNT about leatherback turtle?

Click on the link below to post your responses:
http://padlet.com/mssuezz/leatherback

Research on Leatherback Turtle:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0Aq9zz1jJJ0endEZpMUpGbVphVURrR3BPa2lRUVB0U0E&usp=sharing#gid=0


Sunday, 14 September 2014

Unit 9: Passive Voice


Passive Voice

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.
Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:
Example: A mistake was made.
In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).

Form of Passive

Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)
Example: A letter was written.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
  • the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
  • the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
  • the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

Examples of Passive Level 2

TenseSubjectVerbObject
Simple PresentActive:Ritawritesa letter.
Passive:A letteris writtenby Rita.
Simple PastActive:Ritawrotea letter.
Passive:A letterwas writtenby Rita.
Present PerfectActive:Ritahas writtena letter.
Passive:A letterhas been writtenby Rita.
Future IActive:Ritawill writea letter.
Passive:A letterwill be writtenby Rita.
HilfsverbenActive:Ritacan writea letter.
Passive:A lettercan be writtenby Rita.

Examples of Passive Level 4

TenseSubjectVerbObject
Present ProgressiveActive:Ritais writinga letter.
Passive:A letteris being writtenby Rita.
Past ProgressiveActive:Ritawas writinga letter.
Passive:A letterwas being writtenby Rita.
Past PerfectActive:Ritahad writtena letter.
Passive:A letterhad been writtenby Rita.
Future IIActive:Ritawill have writtena letter.
Passive:A letterwill have been writtenby Rita.
Conditional IActive:Ritawould writea letter.
Passive:A letterwould be writtenby Rita.
Conditional IIActive:Ritawould have writtena letter.
Passive:A letterwould have been writtenby Rita.

Passive Sentences with Two Objects Level 3

Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.
SubjectVerbObject 1Object 2
Active:Ritawrotea letterto me.
Passive:A letterwas writtento meby Rita.
Passive:Iwas writtena letterby Rita.
.
As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. Thats why it is usually dropped.

Personal and Impersonal Passive

Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.
Example: They build houses. – Houses are built.
Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction – therefore this passive is called Impersonal Passive.
Example: he says – it is said
Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English,Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).
Example: They say that women live longer than men. – It is said that women live longer than men.
Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.
Example: They say that women live longer than men. – Women are said to live longer than men.
The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).
Sometimes the term Personal Passive is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to become the subject of the passive sentence.

Exercises

Exercises on Passive (Form)

Exercises on Passive (Active → Passive)

Exercises on Passive (Active or Passive)

Grammar in Texts

Tests on Passiv

Changed: 24th Jun 2014 20:43
URL: http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive